John Delach

On The Outside Looking In

Two Additions to My Bucket List: Part One-Birthplace of Chicken Tenders

Happy New Year

Thanks to separate pieces in The New York Times, I have added two items to my bucket list. The first appeared in the Food Section of the paper’s October 3rd edition under the headline, “In the Birthplace of the Chicken Tender.”

Datelined Wednesday, October 2, 2024, from Manchester, NH, Peter Wells began his piece with, “Fifty Years ago, the breaded, fried chicken tender as we know it was invented here.

“At least, that’s what they say in Manchester. Such claims are usually impossible to prove, and the picture is clouded in this case because of the loose ways the term chicken tender gets thrown around.”

Wells explained, that non-purists will use the name, “chicken tenders to refer to any strip of boneless chicken.” To chicken farmers, tenders refer to the tenderloin, a muscle along the backbone that gets very little exercise, hence its tenderness. These floppies of white-meat didn’t begin to appear on menus until 1974.

“If you were born in the United States more that 50 years ago, you can probably remember a world without chicken tenders. If you grew up later, you can’t.

“Today the chicken tender is not just familiar. It is triumphant. It is a fixture of school lunches and kids’ menus, of all-night diners and gas stations. It can be found at airports, food courts and stadiums.”

In 1917, two Greek Americans immigrated to Manchester, NH; Arthur Pappas and Louis Canotas. They opened a candy store that they called Puritan that grew while they re-located several times over the years. “In 1974, Arthur’s children added a large sit-down restaurant behind the shop, the Puritan Backroom.”

A fry cook told one of the Pappas kids, Charlie, that he had a small piece of chicken he didn’t know what to do with that turned out to be the tenderloin. This piece of meat performs no task and, consequentially, is a tender piece of meat. Served alone, it’s also tasteless until Charlie hit upon a method for preparing it.

“Before it is fried, the meat soaks in a pineapple-juice marinade. It is also served with what the Puritan calls ‘duck sauce,’ a thinnish, yellow, sweetish liquid.”

Early on, Pappas’ tenders were outsold by his barbecued lamb, broiled chicken breasts and pizza. But something about the taste of fried white meat dipped in rejiggered duck sauce captured Manchester’s imagination. Word spread; sales climbed while imitators arose. Eventually, chicken tenders began to outsell everything else and became mandatory at birthday parties, bar mitzvahs and wedding receptions celebrated at the Puritan.

“The tender has other things going for it, too:

‘Some of the popularity of the tender is that it is a whole-muscle white meat that doesn’t have to be cut or portioned, and, when cooked, it makes a great hand-held item,’ said Terrence O’Keefe, the content director of agribusiness news at WATT Globad Media. The tender could, in other words, go from the box to the batter to the deep frier to the table in minutes.”

Chicken tenders served at The Puritan has evolved over the years. “Besides its classic chicken tenders in duck sauce, the restaurant now offers tenders in a spicy breading, coconut-clustered tenders, and a version made by drenching the original recipe Buffalo-wing sauce.

The Manchester city council agreed to issue a proclamation proclaiming Manchester, NH to be the capital of chicken tenders.

Not to be left behind by this amazing fact, a fact of which I was totally ignorant, I’ve added a trip to Manchester for lunch serving of the original tenders at the Puritan. My target date for fulfillment is a weekday next summer when we are spending time at Little House, our vacation home in Marlow, about an hour away from Manchester. The game-plan is to join our good friends, Geoff and Judy Jones at the Puritan. They will drive down from their vacation home in Denmark, ME, slightly more than an hour and one half from Manchester. The most important reason for making the trip to the Puritan is their dining room has a full bar! I sent the Jones’ the piece from the NYT and what I discovered about the Puritan’s bar and they signed on for a lunch next summer, God willing, and the Creek don’t rise. 

A New Hampshire Christmas

Christmas, 2012; Mother Nature was not in a nurturing mood for those of us living in the Northeast. Small as our family is, we seldom spend it together but 2012 was an exception. Joining Mary Ann and me; both the Briggs and Delach tribes trekked to Marlow, New Hampshire.

Tom, Beth, Marlowe & Cace Briggs, Michael, Jodie, Drew, Matthew & Samantha Delach, plus their granddame, Bare Delach, the elder Golden Retriever who my wife always wanted to call, Ernistine, because of her sincere eyes. Joining everybody were Max & Ruby Delach, two, eleven-week-old Golden puppies, the male belonging to us and the female, a birthday gift to Jodie.

Six adults, five kids and three dogs, all made it in three separate vehicles having had to brave through various intensities of a major snow storm old Mother Nature threw at travelers like us navigating the I-91 Corridor. Mike and his family caught the worst of it but, fortunately, the peak of the storm didn’t hit until after we’d all made it safely to that place we call Little House.

Loss of power is issue number one in rural NH. Issue number two is freezing pipes that closely follows issue number one. We do have two wood burning stoves for our primary heat and our wood supply was superb. But, if we lost power, we’d lose water and life quickly becomes  difficult when that happens.

Cut to the good news: the power didn’t fail: “Thank God Almighty; say halleluiah, say Amen!”

With power, everything is good even though we were snowed in.  We shoveled where we had to with joy. The two pups realized they were in Golden Retriever heaven being able to play with each other in the snow without adult supervision anytime they wanted. Mike and Tom laid out a challenging sledding run on the hill above us that became the major outdoor attraction until the town plowed and sanded the hill.

What could have been an ordeal, turned out to be a winter wonderland. The pups left their need for action outside in the cold, kids also exhausted themselves in the snow and the adults had a marvelous time. Each time kids came in they were relived of soaking wet snow clothes; hats, gloves and boots that were hung from every available hook, railing or most any other surface that could hold a hanger. The stoves were well-tendered and the clothing dried quickly enough to be available for the next onslaught. Drew dug a short tunnel just outside the front entrance that gave Max and Ruby their own access to the front yard without having to go near the driveway. The pups loved it. 

Inside was non-stop action. Food was always being prepared whether it was bagels and eggs, hot chocolate, soup, or great dinners. Good cheer and entertainment of every kind abounded from simple board games to playing electronic games or watching TV or DVDs.

Of course, things still go wrong. At the time, I was driving a Chrysler Aspen that I parked at the bottom of our circular driveway. My plan was to use this SUV as the lead vehicle to open the way out of the 16 inches of snow the storm had gifted to us. Unfortunately, when I made my attempt to open the driveway, I judged the turn too sharply and put the left-hand side of my rig into a depression. Mike’s van was behind me. Mike and Tom did most of the clearing around the wheels and dug it out enough to enable me to pull the Aspen out using low gear with the transmission in four-wheel-low. After I made it to the road, I walked my original route and told Mike, “If you put your left tire in the depression I made with my right tire and you will be okay.” He did so and got out easily.

Another time, after the driveway had been plowed by a local fellow from a garage in the town of Gilsum, one town away, I came into the top of the driveway too fast. We were returning from a small local ski slope where my passengers had gone tubing – Beth and Tom, their two and Matt Delach. As I went into the first turn by the house, I realized too late that I was on ice under the snow and I wasn’t going to stop. The house was on the right so that direction was not an alternative. Ahead of me where the driveway curves to the left was Beth and Tom’s Grand Cherokee so that wasn’t a good alternative either.

Mary Ann, who was sitting in our “Four Seasons” type glass room, saw what was happening. “I realized that you were moving much too fast, so I got up to get dressed so I could be of help.”

My only choice was to keep going straight between a bush and a tree; deliberately leave the driveway and drop down into a level snow-covered grass area below it. Not sure how much space this gap afforded, but I aimed more toward the bush figuring that would be the path of least resistance. Hot damn, it worked. It all happened so quickly that nobody said anything. Good fortune, part two, I was able to drive through the snow and regain the driveway.

(Mary Ann,) “By the time I got dressed, John’s SUV was back on the driveway. Totally shocked, I couldn’t figure out how he did this.”

Only then did we three adults begin to realize what just happened. It did occur to me what an old friend used to say, “Delach, you just cleaned out your luck locker!”

All in all, it was a wonderful Christmas vacation and we all made it home safely.

May you, dear reader, enjoy this 2024 Christmas. If not Christmas, May you enjoy your day that you consider joyful.

Robert Riger

Robert Riger, the renowned sport’s photographer, artist and writer, took a black and white photograph at Yankee Stadium late in December of 1962 during the NFL Championship Game between the New York Giants and the Green Bay Packers. Six of the eleven members of the Packers defensive squad stand in the foreground, their backs to the camera. Number 46, Hank Gremminger is closest to the camera. To his right stands Number 87, Willie Davis. Number 79, Dave Hanner stands in the center partially obscured by the dust blowing up from the Yankee Stadium infield. Numbers 66, Ray Nitschie, 74, Henry Jordon and 83, Bill Quinlan, stand to his right. All wear white uniform jerseys with dark stripes on the sleeves and dark pants with a lighter stripe on the seam. The teams’ capital G logo is visible on several of their helmets.

They are all looking at the Football Giants offensive squad who are bowed in a team huddle preparing their next play. Only three linemen’s numbers are visible, tackle, Jack Stroud, 66, center, Greg Larsen, 53 and tackle, Roosevelt Brown, 79. The Giants are dressed in dark jerseys with white numerals and white pants with a dark stripe along the seam. Only the side of Brown’s helmet is visible revealing the teams’ lower case ny logo.

A solitary game official stands between the two teams, head bowed, his white and black striped shirt barely visible through the dust. He is wearing a white hat designating that he is the referee.

The stadium grandstand provides a background for the photo, the lower deck, mezzanine and part of the upper deck. Bunting lines hangs from the façade fronting the upper deck. Curiously, despite the wind that is blowing across the field, the bunting remains undisturbed.

The photo captures Sections 8, 10 and 12. A capacity crowd fills the stands and the open press box suspended in front of the mezzanine. The wind-blown dirt makes it impossible to identify any single individual.

What the photo doesn’t show is the cold. The temperature at 2 p.m. when the game began was 16 degrees and the wind was clocked at 40 mph. Being a city kid in this pre-Gortex era, my clothes are no match for the cold. The scarf, overcoat and ear muffs worked pretty well, but the cold concrete easily defeated the thin soles of my shoes in the same way that the freezing air penetrated my unlined leather gloves.

The Packers would prevail, 16 to 7 and, I sat somewhere in Section 12 obscured in the photo by four of the Packer defenders and the flying dirt. I remember how devastated I was that my team lost. Compounding my misery was the cold. I was never again as cold as I was that day.

This was only one of Robert Riger’s brilliant photographs. In a book entitled, “The Sports Photography of Robert Riger” the author notes: “(Riger) began taking photographs in 1950 as research for his drawings. His distinctive sepia-colored sketches appeared in the first issue of Sports Illustrated in 1954 and became a regular and familiar feature in the magazine for many years afterward.

“He was soon publishing both drawings and photographs, and in 1960, his first photography book, The Pros, was published. The same year he became a writer / photographer / artist for Esquire. In 1963, Riger joined ABC’s Wide World of Sports, where he became a producer / director of many ground-breaking and award-winning programs. Among his prizes were nine Emmys. In the 1980s, Riger’s Journal appeared regularly on ESPN. His books include The American Diamond, Best Plays of the Year, Man in Sport and The Athlete.”

He died on May 19, 1995 in Huntington, California. 

He drew the covers for the programs for several organizations including the New York Football Giants. In 1958 Shell commissioned Riger to draw a series of ten scenes featuring Giants players for distribution to customers at their gasoline stations. A friend of mine recently came across an offer to sell an entire set in excellent condition. He told me this story of how he acquired the prints:

“ There is a side-story to the purchase of the Giants Robert Riger prints. The seller requested that I phone him before he accepted my transaction for $129.99 plus shipping that totaled $152 and change. I called back not without some curiosity. He was friendly and engaging and explained that they belonged to his recently deceased father but had no extra value to him other than sentimental (not a fan.) However, since they meant a lot to his father, he wanted to know what I was going to do with the them and to make sure they had a good home. He was disarmingly sincere about my plans for them. Nevertheless, I had a feeling that the money meant more to him than the sentiment so I offered him another $100 which was unsolicited. He came away happy with my plan and slight windfall. I came away with a cherished piece of memorabilia and a warm glow of doing good. A win-win.”

A happy ending to a good story.              

Post-WW II Demilitarizing Eclipsed by the Cold War

America accelerated its pre-war effort once President Roosevelt declared that we would become “The Arsenal for Democracy.” Beginning in 1940, after FDR had won election to his third term and secured his power, he began his so-called “short of war” policies to supply Great Britian with military equipment that included 50 obsolete destroyers in exchange for bases in Bermuda, Canada and the Caribbean.

FDR, took on the powerful Isolationist lobby who opposed our entrance into this new conflict in Europe. He initiated the draft, passed legislation to greatly increase our army, air force and navy, despite this lobby’s opposition.

Lend-lease, our program to supply our allies expanded by leaps and bounds once America entered World War II. The colossal industrial might that was the USA geared up to produce an enormous stockpile of airplanes, ships and land equipment that greatly surpassed what the ten million men we had in uniform needed. Our surplus was so great that we supplied the USSR, Great Britian and its Commonwealth, the Free French, and China. Lend-lease essentially translated into Uncle doing this for free.

When the war ended on August 15, 1945, a rapid demilitarization began that forced this military / industrial colossus to reverse course, de-militarize their plants, factories and organizations. Instead of bombs, cannons and warships, they began to produce commercial ships and civilian airplanes while resuming everything our citizens wanted and needed like jobs, housing, appliances, new cars and varieties of food without ration cards. We also became the supplier to our devastated allies, sending them everything from grain to surplus trolley cars, again for free under the Marshall Plan that saved many European nations from Communism.

Up to the start of the draft in 1940, America had always been a country with a small military presence. We, as a nation, incorporated the same philosophy for returning our citizen army and navy to civilian life. Our immediate goal following the surrender of Japan was to bring home our service men from those numerous locations where they had been deployed. The navy’s first post-war challenge was to bring the boys back home from those far-flung locations across the Pacific.

This feat was accomplished by using soon-to-be laid-up aircraft carriers devoid of airplanes with reduced crews that participated in an incredible operation to bring our boys back home that the navy called: “Operation Magic Carpet.”   

Once that mission was accomplished, the navy took up the task of prserving all of their ships they deemed eligible for future re-activation should the need occur.

The army cut its active divisions as this service discharged about 70% of its manpower. A strong effort in Congress tried to eliminate the marines, but their alumni of significant supporters squashed this effort. Still, the marines remained vigilant.

The air force was the only service to prosper during these stringent times. First off, the Defense Act of 1947 made  this, a separate service, the United States Air Force (USAF.) The need for bigger and faster bombers to deliver the atom bomb, and later the hydrogen bomb plus the development of jet powered airplanes guaranteed that congress would fund the USAF with the money needed to develop these bombers and fighters.

Boeing built these bombers, first the B-47, a medium bomber and later, the B-52, our international heavy bomber that with the advent of air-to-air refueling, could reach any target anywhere in the world. The B-52 defied becoming obsolete and, while  its role has changed several times since it was designed and built, it remains our primary long-range nuclear bomber.

My cousin, Bill, pointed out to me that the USAF is still be operating the B-52 in 2024 and plans to use this “B.U.F.F.*” until 2050. That’s the equivalent of the army or the navy using guns, equipment and ships designed during the Civil War. Do the math: Far out!

The navy mothballed 17 Essex Class Fleet Aircraft Carriers, seven Light Carriers and 70 of 72 Escort Carriers.

 Every battleship was removed from service except the USS Missouri. (Remember, Harry Truman was president and Missouri was his home.) Fifty cruisers, all constructed during the war were also decommissioned.

The navy was a mere shadow of its war-time self, but then, the Soviets dropped their version of the Atomic Bomb and the North Koreans invaded South Korea. We went to the United Nations requesting they declare that the North had created a hostile situation and a UN force led by the United States would lead and command an international force to defeat them. The Russians had the power to veto this mandate, but, strange as it seems, they walked out of the Security Council and the resolution passed unanimously!

Korea was too far from our air bases in Okinawa and Japan to allow fighter-bombers stationed at the bases to support our troops fighting the North Koreans who outnumbered them. The only carrier in the Western Pacific available to support this vanguard of American troops trapped in the shrinking Pusan perimeter was the USS Valley Forge that quickly went into harm’s way.

Demilitarizing stopped on a dime and nine de-commissioned Essex Class aircraft carriers were chosen for re-activation. Six other carriers were transferred from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Like it or not, We had been drawn into a Cold War with the USSR that would last until the fall of the Soviet Union 40-years later. It began with a hot war for all of the marines, soldiers, sailors and airmen who served in that conflict from 1950 to 1953. These men, now senior citizens had the dubious distinction of serving in America’s forgotten war.

But any thought of cutting our armed forces had disappeared and each effort to do so since then has been stopped by events hostile to our well-being.

*BUFF: Big Ugly Fat F**ck.

Mid-Twentieth Century Football Giants

One of the reasons I bought the Giants One Hundred Anniversary Book was that it included the top 100 players who wore the team’s uniforms. 

As I have previously stated, this football season, as terrible as our team is, celebrates the Giants 100th Anniversary of being part of the NFL. I attended my first Giants home game in 1961 at Yankee Stadium against the Los Angeles Rams. That gave me the opportunity to use my brand new 7×50 binoculars that my father had given to me when I visited him and his family at March AFB in Riverside, California that summer.

Having those binoculars gave me the opportunity to visually record the play-making abilities of  four-star players, quarterback Chalie Conerly, runner and receiver, Kyle Rote, kicker Pat Summerall and center, Ray Wietecha, all of whom would retire at the end of that season.

Y.A. Tittle, was the Giants starting quarterback, but that Sunday, his passing was ineffective. Head coach. Allie Sherman, replaced Y.A. with the Giants long-time starting OB, Charlie Conerly, who responded by completing a touchdown pass to Kyle Rote in the end zone behind the Yankee dugout to give the Giants the lead that they never relinquished. Amazingly, Rote made that catch exactly in front of where my friend, Jimmy Pace and I were sitting.

I had been introduced to the power of witnessing all aspects of professional football, close-up and in person. OMG, the beauty, the intensity, the sounds, profanity, tough-talk, baiting and the pain; the struggle in the pits where linemen collide, winners prevail by overwhelming their opponents. The men who make-up the defensive line know when their opponents mentally give up. Offensive players know the same thing when their opponents quit.

Vince Lombardi said it best, “ Fatigue makes cowards of us all.”         

The following year, when I first purchased my season ticket, I was assigned a Box Seat in Section 12 about five rows from the playing field behind the baseball visitor’s dugout on the side of the end zone at the closed end of Yankee Stadium.

In my first two seasons, 1962 and 1963, I did get to see 19 stars who were members of teams that played for the Giants from 1956 to 1963, the team’s mid-century glory years. During that eight-year period, the Giants won a World Championship in 1956 over the Chicago Bears. They also were division champions five times, but lost the championship games, twice to the Baltimore Colts in 1958 and 1959, twice to the Green Bay Packers in 1961 and 1962 and once to the Chicago Bears in 1963.

The linemen who were included in the Giants top 100 players were Roosevelt Brown, Andy Robustelli, Jim Katcavage, Roosevelt Grier, Jack Stroud, Greg Larson, Dick Modzelewski, Ray Wietecha and Darrell Dess.

Running backs, quarterbacks and receivers included Charlie Conerly, Frank Gifford, Y.A, Tittle, Del Shofner, Joe Morrison, Alex Webster and Aaron Thomas.

Linebackers and Defensive backs like, Sam Huff, Jimmy Patton, Dick Lynch and Erich Barnes.

This list doesn’t include Lawrence (L.T.) Taylor, voted the Giants best player of all-time because he didn’t join the Giants until 1981.

My only disappointment was missing out on seeing Emlen Tunnell, the team’s world class defensive back who was traded to the Green Bay Packers in 1958 after having played nine years with Big Blue.

Brief thoughts on some of my heroes:

Charlie Conerly: WWII Veteran, stone-cut face would have been the perfect Marlboro man except, he hated horses.

Kyle Rote: Fan favorite. Many guys have his name because their fathers adored him.

Y.A. Tittle, YAT, for short had three fabulous years with Big Blue after the 49ers traded him ending his long career in San Francisco. He set the record for most TDs in 1962 with 32 and 36 in 1963.

Rosy Brown was the ultimate offensive tackle in the NFL. A man of peace who, for most of his career lined up against Ernie Stautner who hated the Giants for cutting him in training camp. Brown held his own against Stautner but took a beating.

When Stautner retired, he became the Steelers line coach and taught his replacement all of his dirty moves. First time vs the Giants, less than a quarter into the game, Rosy stepped back after an ugly play and punched the replacement kid right in the face.

Rosy was thrown out of the game. a first and only time in his long career. When his coach asked for an explanation, Rosy replied: “I took that shit form Stautner for too many years, I’ll be damned if I’ll take that from a rookie.”

In 1958 Summerall kicked a 48-yard field goal to beat the Cleveland Browns. When he ran to the sidelines, Lombardi grabbed him and shouted: “You know you can’t kick it that far.” When he  retired, he became a world-class announcer and a world class drunk. Fortunately, he beat the booze.  

Sam Huff was a fan favorite. When the stadium crowd shouted the chant, they invented: DEEfense, DEEfense, DEEfense, it was for Sam, our hero.

When he was traded to the Redskins, we, the faithful, lost any and all affection for, Allie Sherman, the Giants coach who engineered the trade. Our new chant became: “Goodbye Allie, Goodbye Allie, Goodbye Allie, we hate to see you go.” to the sound of “Goodnight, Ladies.”

It took a night exhibition game in Montreal where the local fans sang this chant in French to convince Wellington Mara to fire Coach Sherman…and so it goes.

Dear Readers, let me wish each of you a happy Thanksgiving that I hope you can enjoy with those you love.    

On the Outside Looking In will not publish next week, but I expect to return on Wednesday, December 4th.

How Port Washington Gave Birth to Pan Am’s Transatlantic Operations: Part Two

Denise Duffy Meehan

Edited by John Delach

November 2024

(In 1937,) Pan American World Airways proved that commercial aircraft crossing the Atlantic on a scheduled basis was now feasible. That understanding encompassed Port Washington and fifteen hundred watched the return of Clipper III from Southampton, England to Port. 

Still, those that would make money on the routes had a long way to go. Aircraft capable of making the crossing was a priority. The Sikorsky S-42B, used to pioneer the northern and then the southern Atlantic was inadequate for the task. It had required 2,300 gallons of fuel, 160 gallons of oil  and 1,995 pounds of spare equipment to make the first survey. While nothing was spared operationally, little in the way of amenities was provided for the crew. Their meals consisted of celery, olives, soup, salad and strawberries. And, while the high cruising altitude with open windows to aid in celestial navigation (at times 11,000 feet) required heavy outer garments, the flight suits were not fur-lined as reported.

After proving that it could be done, Pan American set out to get aircraft to make it all feasible. In 1938, Europeans did fly surveys over the Atlantic, and boats representing Air France and Lufthansa utilized the Port Washington facility. Finally, on March 3, 1939 technology caught up to reality  when Mrs. Roosevelt christened the “Yankee Clipper,” a Boeing B-314. She was taken on a shakedown flight from Baltimore, over the southern route to Marseilles arriving on March 3 and along the northern route between Baltimore and Southampton on March 28.

The first transatlantic airmail departed from Port Washington on May 20 returning on May 27. The first revenue passengers departed from Port Washington for Marseilles June 28, 1939. Thereafter, weekly service over northern and southern routes was routine from April through November. Eventually, four B-314 flying boats served on the routes.

The airship had come a long way in comfort. Constructed at a time when industrial designers had come into their own the interior of the Boeing was a crossbreed between a gentlemen’s parlor and a chrome environment. There was room for a crew of 12 and about 34 passengers. The bulk of these being the well-to-do with enough to do the daring. A large lounge and sleeping bunks were some of the finer features, features that ironically still turn up in the first-class sections of aircraft today.

While the boats, as they were floated into the landing docks were impressive, the spit and polish of the crew taking over their craft at the first bell, then boarding passengers at two bells, was dramatic. However, the reality of the Port Washington base was disappointing. What would resemble a third world airport today housed facilities such as Customs, Immigration and Public Health, along with the operation division of the airline.

The “terminal” was modest with few amenities. But, this, after all was just a temporary headquarters. Condos would soon be all that stands where aviation once was grand.

 (This planned development never saw fruition. World War II and the cold war prolonged Port Washington’s role in aviation. Grumman had a plant there during World War II as did Republic during the Korean War. Post war utilization by Thypin Steel, an importer, followed and by the time they left the property in the early 1980s, the site was deemed thoroughly polluted and uninhabitable and too poisonous to ever support condominiums.)

The writing had been on the wall, or more correctly on the lease, for a permanent home even before the first transatlantic passengers ever departed Port Washington. On May 20th  Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia and Pan American chairman, C.V. Whitney had signed a lease for an airport at North Beach. Today, we know it as the Marine Air Terminal at LaGuardia Airport. Ironically, after more than 40 years, Pan American returned to that terminal basing its northeastern shuttle operation there.

Port Washington’s place in aviation history did not end in March of 1940 when the boats left town. Grumman operated Plant 15 there from April 1942 until the end of the war ) making parts for the navy’s TPF Avengers, that carry a torpedo or bombs.) The company even provided a 12-inch reinforced concrete road, now called Sintsink Drive, which was bombproof, making it possible to move materials after an enemy attack. Republic Aviation took over the facilities during the Korean War, manufacturing wings for F-84 jet fighters there.

Soon enough, perhaps only the concrete road and a commemorative plaque at the Town Dock will be all that is left of Port Washington’s aviation claim to fame.

Editor’s note:

MS Denise Duffy Meehan ended her piece by thanking William M. Masland then living in nearby Manhasset for all of insight he gave to her in writing her piece. Masland was the navigator on the first transatlantic survey in 1937. He eventually became a Captain of the Flying Boats himself and, when the US Navy requisitioned all of Pan American’s Flying Boats after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Masland went on to become a Commander in the Naval Reserve, a position he would hold until he retired in 1962.

He wrote a book about his history and experience with Pan American Flying Boats called “Through the Back Doors of the World in a Ship That Had Wings,” a title, only an engineer would love. His book originally sold for $14.95. Today, if you can find a volume, expect to pay  the market value. for example, it cost me $94.00 plus shipping and handling. (I asked my family to buy it for their eighty-year-old father for Christmas.)                             

How Port Washington Gave Birth to Pan Am’s Transatlantic Operations: Part One

The article I am about to present was written by Denise Duffy Meehan for a publication called, Good Living. I have had an aviation love of Pan American’s Flying Boats and everything about them since I was a child. My godfather flew for Pan American starting as a flight engineer on the Boeing B-314s and retiring as a pilot flying the Boeing 747. Being paid to fly doesn’t get better than that.

One of the facts that enhances my attraction to these fabulous machines is how brief a period their careers spanned. The entire reason for their existence was due to the fact that when the routes across the Atlantic and the Pacific were first proposed, Pan American faced major gaps in land-based airports large enough to support these giants especially, runways long enough for take-offs and landings. By the end of World War II, these gaps had mostly disappeared and large land-planes were soon available to enter service.    

Port Washington isn’t exactly an international destination. Yet there was a time, some 50 years ago ( now 87 years) when this bay community was aviation’s eastern gateway to America.

It all began in 1937, when a fledging airline with grand ideas, Pan American World Airways, determined to conquer the North Atlantic, as it had the Pacific, the Caribbean and the eastern coast of South America to Brazil.

Port Washington was chosen as the eastern terminus of the circuitous route that included New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Ireland and finally, Southampton, England. Why it was chosen was a combination of geographical merit and available resources.

The airships that challenged “The Pond” were called flying boats because, in a sense, they were. As water-bound as tadpoles, (they were giant forerunners of today’s seaplanes) the boats required long stretches of smooth water to get aloft. So, the shelter of Port Washington’s Manhasset Bay and the expanse of the Sound beyond Plum Point gave Port Washington a leg up on other waterfront communities in the race for the international sea-airport.

But it was the seaplane facilities of the American Aeronautical Company, manufacturers of the Savoia Marchetti airplane that sealed the deal. The company had constructed a waterside facility in 1929 – operating it as a test base for its S-55 and S-56 aircraft (available for a mere $7,373 fly-a-way) and as a rental hanger / ramp called the New York Seaplane Airport. Pan Am purchased the 12-acre parcel in 1933, intending to use the large hanger for storage while continuing to lease space in the smaller buildings to private seaplane operators.

In 1936, this small hanger made a minor stand in aviation history by hosting two German flying boats exploring the airspace over the Atlantic. The Aclous and the Zepher were distinctive as they were the only aircraft of the class to be launched via catapult from a mothership, the “Westfalan.”

No doubt this German effort and other great aviation rivalries added to the zeal with which the Pan Am base was fitted for the U.S. Airline’s own surveys. (Survey was the official term used to describe the testing of heretofore uncharted air routes.) Announcements of the upgrade to over-ocean airbase was made April 2, 1937. On June 18, Pan Am’s first commercial passengers to be flown over the northern Atlantic were carried from Port Washington to Bermuda. In order to gain landing rights in Crown territories, the U.S. agreed to permit Imperial Airways, the British Precursor to BOAC and later British Airways to land in Port Washington.

Icing conditions forced the airlines to relocate Bermuda service to Baltimore the following November. Weekly service from Port Washington resumed April, 1938 and again in 1939. Rates to Bermuda in June of 1938 including air, hotel and meals were $172 per person for seven days and $262 for 16 days in Depression dollars, this translated into a tariff that only the patricians could afford.

When it came time to chart the vast ocean that until then only daredevils as Linberg, Wrong Way Corrigan and Beryl Markham had flown, it was predetermined that surveys would be done reciprocally. Pam Am would depart Port Washington on July 3, 1937 in its Clipper III, with Captain Harold Gray and a crew of seven aboard at the same time Imperial Airways “Caledonia” with Captain Wilcockson in command, left Southampton, England for Port.

All backers (Imperial was not only flying for the Crown but also France and Germany) would share their results and the unwritten rule was that all glory would get equal pay. So, even though the Pan Am boat reached European landfall on target and within six minutes of its estimated arrival time and Caledonia missed Newfoundland altogether and had to backtrack, arriving one and a half hours late, the press gave them equal standing.

While this example of one upmanship is dear to the hearts of the crew who flew her, other aspects of the 15-day, 7,000-mile Clipper III flight interest historians. Among them are the fact the first airline weather map made for the North Atlantic was utilized and the first “commercial’ aircraft siting of an ice berg was reported to the U.S. Coast Guard.

Even though Captain Gray responded to the Irish press that the trip “was a nice little joyride,” it was hardly a lark. Navigation prowness and extreme vigilance accounted for dead-on landfall at the River Shannon, but it was strong nerve that actually got the crew there.

Being the 11th aircraft to succeed after 86 attempts to cross the Atlantic was less important than the other points the survey set out to prove. As one newspaper reporter put it, Pan Am proved that crossing the Atlantic was out of the realm of stunt flying and within the grasp of commercial aviation. And that grasp encompassed Port Washington. Fifteen hundred spectators turned out to greet the Clipper on her return home.           

Lassie Come Home

Ruddell Bird “Rudd” Weatherwax and his son, Bob Weatherwax introduced the American public to collies, here-to-for, a virtually unknown breed of pure-bred dogs. This heroic story about a boy and his dog first came to life with a best-selling English novel, “Lassie Come Home”, written by Eric Knight that Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer bought the rights to in 1943. The movie starred Roddy McDowall who played Joe Carraclough, the Yorkshire school boy who loved Lassie and Elizabeth Taylor, who played Priscilla, a  young girl sympathetic to Lassie’s plight.

The film supposedly set in England and Scotland was actually filmed in Washington and Monterey, California. During production, those MGM executives who previewed the dallies were so moved that they ordered more scenes added to “This wonderful motion picture.”

A female collie was selected for the title role, but she began to shed excessively when called upon to perform. Fred M. Wilcox, the director approached the trainer, Rudd Weatherwax, who agreed to substitute his male collie, Pal, to play Lassie. Being a male, Pal was bigger and looked more impressive. Mr. Wilcox decided to cast Pal because when he performed he expressed  human emotions and reactions. Pal performed beyond expectation in the most dramatic scene of the film, crossing a dangerous rapid to continue Lassie’s way home. After seeing the first prints, MGM’s chairman stated, “Pal had entered the water, but Lassie had come out, and a new star was born.”

While Pal became a star, Weatherwax received all rights to the Lassie name and trademark in lieu of back pay owed him by MGM.

Set in Depression-era Yorkshire, England, Mr. and Mrs. Carraclough were forced to sell their collie, Lassie, to the rich Duke of Ruding. The duke took Lassie to his home in distant Scotland. His Granddaughter, Priscilla, (Elizabeth Taylor) sensed the dog’s unhappiness and arranged for her escape.

Imagine all of the perils Lassie encountered on her long trek home, dog catchers, violent storms and the rapids. She also met kind people who offered her aid and comfort. Lassie finally returned to her favorite resting place in Joe’s schoolyard where she was reunited with the boy she loved.

Budgeted for $666,000, it made $4,517,000 at the world-wide box office.,

Of course, a dog movie this successful initiated re-makes. One of the most successful was: “Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey.” Released fifty years later, this movie featured three pets wrongfully separated from their family. The old member of the group, a Golden Retriever named “Shadow” voiced by Don Ameche, a cat named Sassy, voiced by Sally Field and, Chance,  a free-spirited American Bulldog voiced by Michael J. Fox who narrated the movie.

The film received positive reviews with the consensus stating, “Disney’s re-make of ‘Lassie Come Home’ successfully replicates, and in some ways improves upon, the simple charms of the original.”  The movie Made $57,000,000.

One of this trainer’s secrets in continuing the successful continuation of the Lassie brand was using several collies to play the part. To accomplish this, they bred thousands of collies to produce Lassies, each with a distinctive white blaze down their snouts. But only one Lassie at a time appeared onscreen or at public events. 

Rudd Weatherwax went on to train collies for the Lassie TV show that ran from 1954 to 1974. He also trained other dogs like the one who played Spike in the film, “Old Yellow” and the New York Mets first official mascot, a beagle named Homer.

Bob Weatherwax became his father’s apprentice. He learned the interdisciplinarian roles needed to manage the Lassie brand. These included being the dog’s talent agent, pooch geneticist and acting coach.

Rudd died in 1985 and Bob Weatherwax embraced his Talent-manager role including traveling First-Class with his celebrity dog. “On a trip to promote the 1994 movie ‘Lassie,’ a successful attempt to revive the franchise, he and the film’s star stayed at the luxurious Rittenhouse Hotel where the celebrity collie dined on boiled chicken prepared by the chef and delivered by room service and washed down with distilled water.”

Bob’s bond with Lassie was enhanced when the collie saved his own life.

“When I was a toddler, my parents couldn’t afford a fence in the yard. They tethered me to a tree to prevent me from running off. I quickly learned how to free myself by unhooking the harness and, one day I decided to take off and explore the great big world beyond the tree.”

He wound up in the middle of the busy street in front of his house.

Pal, a.k.a. Lassie, “saw me and sensed that I was in danger and within seconds our famous collie was running toward me.”

The collie barked and nudged him back toward the yard.

“Lassie not only saved lives on the screen,” he wrote, “but also saved me in real life.” 

The Big U’s Forty-Five Years in Purgatory

In 1969, when United States Lines took the SS United States out of service while the ship was receiving her annual check-up at Newport News Ship Building, the operators essentially walked away from America’s flagship. However, US Lines was only the operator. The real owner was Uncle Sam under the control of the Maritime Administration, MARAD, that still had plans for this magnificent ship.

The Department of Defense proposed that the Big U be converted to a hospital ship as her size and speed would allow the liner to be rapidly deployed to address any crisis around the world. The plan would have included up to 23 operating theaters,  1,600 hospital beds and a full set of specialist rooms comparable to any major land-based hospital. The navy ultimately rejected the plan as being too expensive and impractical.

MARAD decided that the holding on to the Big U was also impractical and the navy finally declassified the ship’s design features.  In 1980, MARAD disposed of the liner by selling it for $7 Million to a Seattle based developer who planned to revitalize the Big U as a floating condominium. But this owner’s financial status deteriorated so he neglected the vessel still docked in Norfolk. Consequently, her interiors became thoroughly ruined with water damage and mold.

The ships fittings and furniture were spared this fate, but not in a good way. They were gone before the water damage took place because he sold them at auction to pay creditors. Three hundred thousand fans and collectors participated in the week-long auction and raised $I.65 million for the objects taken from the ship. Still, the owner was forced into bankruptcy. The United States was seized by US Marshals and put up for auction.

The new owners planned to refurbish the ship and return it to trans-Atlantic service paired with the Queen Elizabeth 2.  They only paid $2.6 million at auction as the Big U was loaded with asbestos as its insulation. This was common for ships built in the 1950s. As we know, the world had come to understand that breathing in asbestos would cause cancer that can kill the victim. So, it had to be removed.

On June 4, 1992 the ship was towed to the Sevastopol Shipyard in Ukraine and underwent asbestos removal from 1993 to 1994. The interior of the ship was almost completely stripped down to the bulkheads. The open lifeboats were also removed as they were obsolete and violated international rules. In June of 1996, she was once again towed across the Atlantic to a new home in Philadelphia. Starting in 1997 a continuous chain of potential saviors entered the scene with all kinds of “what if ideas” only to eventually slink away into the night.

They included Operating the ship as a cruiser in Hawaii and convert her to a floating  hotel like the Queen Mary in Long Beach.  Norwegian Cruise Lines, (NCL) bought the ship, deemed the hull to be sound and in 2004 commenced feasibility studies regarding retrofitting the Big U. Once NCL realized this would cost between $700 million and One Billion, they lost interest.

The SS United States Conservancy was created in 2009 led by William Gibbs granddaughter, Susan Gibbs, who set out to save the ship from being scrapped by raising funds to purchase her. On July 30, H. F. Lenfest, a Philadelphia media entrepreneur and philanthropist, pledged a matching grant of $300,000 to help the Conservancy purchase the ship from NCL. In November of 2010, the Conservancy announced a new plan to develop a “multi-purpose waterfront complex as part of a stalled Foxwoods Casino project only to have this idea collapse a month later when the state Gaming Control Board revoked Foxwood’s license. Still, the Conservancy bought the Big U from NCL in February of 2011.

The Conservancy’s record for re-purposing was no better than all the others. Every project to re-locate the Big U failed; in particular, New York and Miami. All the while, the Conservancy’s funding could not keep up with the monthly costs of $80,000 to keep the vessel moored in Philadelphia.

By 2018, the situation became more desperate. Several developers proposed variations on the same old solutions. By 2021, the owners of Philadelphia’s Pier 82, where the ship had rested all these years had had enough. They went to court to increase the daily rent to $1,700 and sued for $160,000 in back rent. In June of 2024, Federal Judge, Anita Brody found in favor of the pier’s owners and gave the Conservancy 90 days to remove the Big U.

That’s when Florida’s Okaloosa County announced plans to buy and sink the ship to create the world’s largest artificial reef. MS Gibbs welcomed this solution.

Let’s face it, forty-five years is much too long. Let her go. Let the Big U’s purgatory finally end. For everyone who loves the Big U, let us pray that this plan becomes a reality.                   

The Beginning and Demise of the Big U

Recently, I came across an article in the industry magazine, Professional Mariner, about the ocean liner, SS United States, or those of us fond of this magnificent ship called her “The Big U.”

Inactive since 1969, her luck had’ finally run out and The Big U was being evicted from her long-term berth on the Delaware River in Philadelphia. The owners, The SS United States Conservancy, had run out of options of other locations and sadly agreed to “Reef” the ship. Reefing means sinking her so she becomes a home for sea creatures and for divers to explore the ship, both inside and outside.

The Conservancy’s president, Susan Gibbs, granddaughter of the ship’s designer, William Francis Gibbs, explained,

In the long and storied history of America’s Flagship, these last two-years of this unfortunate litigation (with the owners of her berth) have perhaps been the most difficult, and the conflict at the pier has drastically impacted our plans for the ship’s long-term future.

While this is not the outcome we originally  envisioned, the ship will have a future. This next chapter of the SS United States’ story will bring thousands of people annually from around the world to experience her. Okaloosa County has now allocated more than $10 million to reactivate the SS United States as the world’s largest artificial reef in tandem with creating the Conservancy’s land-based museum and visitor center.

The cost to sink the Big U may be more than $10 million. Oskaloosa County has agreed to absorb the cost needed to accomplish this project. The Big U will be towed to Norfolk, Virginia where extensive preparations will be undertaken to prepare the ship to become the promised reef.

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William F. Gibbs was the premier designer of ships in the first half of the Twentieth Century. For years, he had envisioned a super trans-Atlantic liner that could out-perform all other liners while carrying over 1,900 passengers and a crew of 1,044. America’s experience during World War II convinced the military that our own merchant marine should have the best ship possible under American Flag to transport our troops to England or any other destination. After conversion, the Big U could accommodate 14,000 soldiers, a remarkable number and sail at high speed.  

In 1945,  the War Department put out bids for such a ship, and a long story short, Gibbs was awarded the contract. Finally, his dream had become a reality and he became the tsar of the Big U’s design and construction. Newport News Ship Building became the builder of choice and so they deserved to be; to this day they are the premier American ship builder, especially for military vessels.

But the SS United States was also designed to be a commercial ocean liner for United States Lines and Gibbs designed the plans that would include all the ambiance that a great liner would have. The first was that all of the superstructure would be made of aluminum to lighten the ship. The other was to eliminate all wooden construction. The only exceptions were the butcher’s block and the Steinway Piano. As a liner, the ship could carry 834 in First Class, 524 in Second Class and 554 in Tourist Class.

The Big U was launched in 1952. Before United States Lines and the Government’s Maritime Administration, (MARAD) Inspectors signed off on the vessel’s performance, the builder’s staff had to put the ship through its trial runs.  On June 10, 1952, Newport News Shipbuilding sailed the ship out of Norfolk and into the Atlantic Ocean with US Lines and MARAD engineers on board to witness the Big U’s performance. US Lines went first and the Big U met their speed challenge of 32 knots without any problems or complications. 

All of the US Lines representatives were excused and left the ship. Then, the MARAD engineers and the Newport News engineers manned the ship’s second boiler room and engine room and the captain called for military speed. The addition of these two units increased the speed to 38.22 knots sustained speed with spurts as high as 44 knots, a record never before achieved and immediately deemed top-secret.  

The Big U’s first voyage as an ocean liner was in pursuit of the Blue Ribbon, the recognition of the fastest ship to cross the Atlantic. The RMS Queen Mary held the record set in in 1936 of 33 knots. The Big U blew that away with a run just under 40 knots. The ship was welcomed as America’s flagship being new and attractive, popular and a nice money maker for US Lines. In addition, Uncle subsidized  the owner to maintain trans-Atlantic service no matter the profitability.

However, the world was changing and in 1957. for the first time, piston-powered aircraft carried more passengers across the Atlantic than ocean liners. The entry of the early jet powered aircraft like the Boeing 707 and the Douglas DC-8 only exacerbated the conquest of airplane over ship. US Lines tried to freeze salaries, but this led to a series of strikes and ate away any profits. The last profit-making year for the Big U was 1959 and by 1960, she was operating at a deficit of $2 million. By 1968, this had risen to $4 million.

On Octobert 25, 1969, the Big U completed her 400th voyage. She was ordered to start her yearly overhaul at Newport News early. On November 11, US Lines announced that the ocean liner was being withdrawn from service. All work stopped, the ship was sealed with all furniture, fittings and crew uniforms left in place. The Big U was relocated from the ship yard to a terminal across the James River from Newport News.

The SS United States would never sail under her own power again and her afterlife would be a series of failures.

(To b continued.)